mattress toppers market
112 Pages | Consumer Goods

Global Mattress Toppers Market Professional Survey Report 2021

  • Published Date : 09-08-2021
  • Pages : 112
  • Report Id : 22975
  • Categories : Consumer Goods

This report studies the global Mattress Toppers market status and forecast, categorizes the global Mattress Toppers market size (value & volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. This report focuses on the top manufacturers in North America, Europe, Japan, China, India, Southeast Asia and other regions (Central & South America, and Middle East & Africa).

The global Mattress Toppers market is valued at xx million US$ in 2020 and is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of xx.x % between 2021 and 2027.

The major manufacturers covered in this report
Tempur-Pedic
Select Comfort Corporation
ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC
Simmons Bedding Company LLC
Serta, Inc.
Sealy
Jeffco Fibres
McRoskey Mattress Company
Pure Latex BLISS
Sleep Studio
THERAPEDIC
CKI

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering
North America
Europe
China
Japan
India
Southeast Asia
Other regions (Central & South America, Middle East & Africa)

The regional scope of the study is as follows:
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Asia-Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Singapore
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Russia
Rest of Europe
Central & South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Rest of Middle East & Africa

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into
Memory Foam Mattress Topper
Latex Mattress Topper
Feather Mattress Topper
Wool Mattress Topper
Others

By Application, the market can be split into
Residential
Hotel
Others

The study objectives of this report are:
To analyze and study the global Mattress Toppers capacity, production, value, consumption, status (2016-2020) and forecast (2021-2027);
Focuses on the key Mattress Toppers manufacturers, to study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in future.
Focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.
To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region.
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth.
To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.
To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market.
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Mattress Toppers are as follows:
History Year: 2016-2020
Base Year: 2020
Estimated Year: 2021
Forecast Year 2021 to 2027

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Key Stakeholders
Mattress Toppers Manufacturers
Mattress Toppers Distributors/Traders/Wholesalers
Mattress Toppers Subcomponent Manufacturers
Industry Association
Downstream Vendors

Available Customizations
With the given market data, offers customizations according to the company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Regional and country-level analysis of the Mattress Toppers market, by end-use.
Detailed analysis and profiles of additional market players.
End of Summary


Table of Contents

Global Mattress Toppers Market Professional Survey Report 2021
1 Industry Overview of Mattress Toppers
1.1 Definition and Specifications of Mattress Toppers
1.1.1 Definition of Mattress Toppers
1.1.2 Specifications of Mattress Toppers
1.2 Classification of Mattress Toppers
1.2.1 Memory Foam Mattress Topper
1.2.2 Latex Mattress Topper
1.2.3 Feather Mattress Topper
1.2.4 Wool Mattress Topper
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Applications of Mattress Toppers
1.3.1 Residential
1.3.2 Hotel
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Market Segment by Regions
1.4.1 North America
1.4.2 Europe
1.4.3 China
1.4.4 Japan
1.4.5 Southeast Asia
1.4.6 India

2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Mattress Toppers
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Mattress Toppers
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Mattress Toppers
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Mattress Toppers

3 Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Mattress Toppers
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017

4 Global Mattress Toppers Overall Market Overview
4.1 2016-2021E Overall Market Analysis
4.2 Capacity Analysis
4.2.1 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis
4.2.2 2017 Mattress Toppers Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)
4.3 Sales Analysis
4.3.1 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Sales and Growth Rate Analysis
4.3.2 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Analysis (Company Segment)
4.4 Sales Price Analysis
4.4.1 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Sales Price
4.4.2 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)

5 Mattress Toppers Regional Market Analysis
5.1 North America Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.1.1 North America Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.1.2 North America 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.1.3 North America 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.1.4 North America 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis
5.2 Europe Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.2.1 Europe Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.2.2 Europe 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.2.3 Europe 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.2.4 Europe 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis
5.3 China Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.3.1 China Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.3.2 China 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.3.3 China 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.3.4 China 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis
5.4 Japan Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.4.1 Japan Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.4.2 Japan 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.4.3 Japan 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.4.4 Japan 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis
5.5 Southeast Asia Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.5.1 Southeast Asia Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.5.2 Southeast Asia 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.5.3 Southeast Asia 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.5.4 Southeast Asia 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis
5.6 India Mattress Toppers Market Analysis
5.6.1 India Mattress Toppers Market Overview
5.6.2 India 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.6.3 India 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price Analysis
5.6.4 India 2017 Mattress Toppers Market Share Analysis

6 Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales by Type
6.2 Different Types of Mattress Toppers Product Interview Price Analysis
6.3 Different Types of Mattress Toppers Product Driving Factors Analysis
6.3.1 Memory Foam Mattress Topper of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
6.3.2 Latex Mattress Topper of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
6.3.3 Feather Mattress Topper of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
6.3.4 Wool Mattress Topper of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
6.3.5 Others of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7 Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Consumption by Application
7.2 Different Application of Mattress Toppers Product Interview Price Analysis
7.3 Different Application of Mattress Toppers Product Driving Factors Analysis
7.3.1 Residential of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7.3.2 Hotel of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7.3.3 Others of Mattress Toppers Growth Driving Factor Analysis

8 Major Manufacturers Analysis of Mattress Toppers
8.1 Tempur-Pedic
8.1.1 Company Profile
8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.1.2.1 Product A
8.1.2.2 Product B
8.1.3 Tempur-Pedic 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.1.4 Tempur-Pedic 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.2 Select Comfort Corporation
8.2.1 Company Profile
8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.2.2.1 Product A
8.2.2.2 Product B
8.2.3 Select Comfort Corporation 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.2.4 Select Comfort Corporation 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.3 ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC
8.3.1 Company Profile
8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.3.2.1 Product A
8.3.2.2 Product B
8.3.3 ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.3.4 ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.4 Simmons Bedding Company LLC
8.4.1 Company Profile
8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.4.2.1 Product A
8.4.2.2 Product B
8.4.3 Simmons Bedding Company LLC 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.4.4 Simmons Bedding Company LLC 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.5 Serta, Inc.
8.5.1 Company Profile
8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.5.2.1 Product A
8.5.2.2 Product B
8.5.3 Serta, Inc. 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.5.4 Serta, Inc. 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.6 Sealy
8.6.1 Company Profile
8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.6.2.1 Product A
8.6.2.2 Product B
8.6.3 Sealy 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.6.4 Sealy 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.7 Jeffco Fibres
8.7.1 Company Profile
8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.7.2.1 Product A
8.7.2.2 Product B
8.7.3 Jeffco Fibres 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.7.4 Jeffco Fibres 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.8 McRoskey Mattress Company
8.8.1 Company Profile
8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.8.2.1 Product A
8.8.2.2 Product B
8.8.3 McRoskey Mattress Company 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.8.4 McRoskey Mattress Company 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.9 Pure Latex BLISS
8.9.1 Company Profile
8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.9.2.1 Product A
8.9.2.2 Product B
8.9.3 Pure Latex BLISS 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.9.4 Pure Latex BLISS 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.10 Sleep Studio
8.10.1 Company Profile
8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.10.2.1 Product A
8.10.2.2 Product B
8.10.3 Sleep Studio 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.10.4 Sleep Studio 2017 Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.11 THERAPEDIC
8.12 CKI

9 Development Trend of Analysis of Mattress Toppers Market
9.1 Global Mattress Toppers Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast
9.1.2 Global 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Sales Price Forecast
9.2 Mattress Toppers Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.2.2 Europe 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.2.3 China 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.2.4 Japan 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.2.5 Southeast Asia 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.2.6 India 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Forecast
9.3 Mattress Toppers Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Mattress Toppers Market Trend (Application)

10 Mattress Toppers Marketing Type Analysis
10.1 Mattress Toppers Regional Marketing Type Analysis
10.2 Mattress Toppers International Trade Type Analysis
10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Mattress Toppers by Region
10.4 Mattress Toppers Supply Chain Analysis

11 Consumers Analysis of Mattress Toppers
11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis
11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis
11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis
11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis

12 Conclusion of the Global Mattress Toppers Market Professional Survey Report 2017
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Mattress Toppers
Table Product Specifications of Mattress Toppers
Table Classification of Mattress Toppers
Figure Global Production Market Share of Mattress Toppers by Type in 2017
Figure Memory Foam Mattress Topper Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Memory Foam Mattress Topper
Figure Latex Mattress Topper Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Latex Mattress Topper
Figure Feather Mattress Topper Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Feather Mattress Topper
Figure Wool Mattress Topper Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Wool Mattress Topper
Figure Others Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Others
Table Applications of Mattress Toppers
Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Mattress Toppers by Application in 2017
Figure Residential Examples
Table Major Consumers in Residential
Figure Hotel Examples
Table Major Consumers in Hotel
Figure Others Examples
Table Major Consumers in Others
Figure Market Share of Mattress Toppers by Regions
Figure North America Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Europe Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure China Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Japan Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Figure India Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) (2016-2027)
Table Mattress Toppers Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Mattress Toppers in 2017
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Mattress Toppers
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Mattress Toppers
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Mattress Toppers Major Manufacturers in 2017
Table Global Capacity, Sales , Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate
Figure Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Capacity and Growth Rate
Table 2017 Global Mattress Toppers Capacity (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate
Table 2017 Global Mattress Toppers Sales (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table 2016-2021E Global Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Table 2017 Global Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit) List (Company Segment)
Figure North America Capacity Overview
Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure North America 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure North America 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Figure Europe Capacity Overview
Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure Europe 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Europe 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Figure China Capacity Overview
Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure China 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure China 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Figure Japan Capacity Overview
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure Japan 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Japan 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview
Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure Southeast Asia 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Southeast Asia 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Figure India Capacity Overview
Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Mattress Toppers 2016-2021E
Figure India 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure India 2017 Mattress Toppers Sales Market Share
Table Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales (K Units) by Type
Table Different Types Mattress Toppers Product Interview Price
Table Global 2016-2021E Mattress Toppers Sales (K Units) by Application
Table Different Application Mattress Toppers Product Interview Price
Table Tempur-Pedic Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Tempur-Pedic Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Tempur-Pedic Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Select Comfort Corporation Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Select Comfort Corporation Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Select Comfort Corporation Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2015 ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 ORGANIC MTTRESSES INC Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Simmons Bedding Company LLC Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Simmons Bedding Company LLC Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Simmons Bedding Company LLC Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Serta, Inc. Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Serta, Inc. Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Serta, Inc. Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Sealy Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Sealy Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Sealy Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Jeffco Fibres Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Jeffco Fibres Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Jeffco Fibres Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table McRoskey Mattress Company Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 McRoskey Mattress Company Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 McRoskey Mattress Company Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Pure Latex BLISS Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Pure Latex BLISS Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Pure Latex BLISS Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table Sleep Studio Information List
Table Product A Overview
Table Product B Overview
Table 2017 Sleep Studio Mattress Toppers Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure 2017 Sleep Studio Mattress Toppers Business Region Distribution
Table THERAPEDIC Information List
Table CKI Information List
Figure Global 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Market Size (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Market Size (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast
Figure North America 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure China 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Europe 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Japan 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure India 2021-2027 Mattress Toppers Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Table Global Sales Volume (K Units) of Mattress Toppers by Type 2021-2027
Table Global Consumption Volume (K Units) of Mattress Toppers by Application 2021-2027
Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Mattress Toppers by Region

Direct Purchase
Your perfect start with Stats And Research


Want to customize this report?

This report can be customized according to your requirements. Our analysts and industry experts will work directly with you to understand your requirements and provide you with customized data in a short amount of time.

We offer $1000 worth of FREE customization at the time of purchase.
RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo RA client logo
×

Avail PDF Sample Reports

You may also be lnterested in..

Stats And Research Copyright © 2024 .