PoE Network Switches Market

Global PoE Network Switches Market Research Report 2021

  • Published Date : 09-08-2021
  • Pages : 103
  • Report Id : 18948
  • Categories : Manufacturing

This report studies the global PoE Network Switches market status and forecast, categorizes the global PoE Network Switches market size (value & volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. This report focuses on the top manufacturers in North America, Europe, Japan, China, and other regions (India, Southeast Asia, Central & South America, and Middle East & Africa).

The global PoE Network Switches market is valued at million US$ in 2020 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of during 2021-2027.

The major manufacturers covered in this report
Moxa
Alaxala
Alcatel-Lucent
Arista
Avaya
Brocade
Cisco
D-Link
Dell
Extreme
HP
Huawei
IBM
Juniper
Netgear
Ruby Tech
TP-Link
ZTE

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India

We can also provide the customized separate regional or country-level reports, for the following regions:
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Asia-Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Singapore
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Russia
Rest of Europe
Central & South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Rest of Middle East & Africa

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into
Ports Switches
Fixed Configuration Switches
Chassis Switches
On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including
Enterprise-class Switches
Campus Network Switches
Department Switch
Workgroup Switches
Others

The study objectives of this report are:
To analyze and study the global PoE Network Switches capacity, production, value, consumption, status (2016-2020) and forecast (2021-2027);
Focuses on the key PoE Network Switches manufacturers, to study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in future.
Focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.
To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region.
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth.
To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.
To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of PoE Network Switches are as follows:
History Year: 2016-2020
Base Year: 2020
Estimated Year: 2021
Forecast Year 2021 to 2027

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Key Stakeholders
PoE Network Switches Manufacturers
PoE Network Switches Distributors/Traders/Wholesalers
PoE Network Switches Subcomponent Manufacturers
Industry Association
Downstream Vendors

Available Customizations
With the given market data, offers customizations according to the company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Regional and country-level analysis of the PoE Network Switches market, by end-use.
Detailed analysis and profiles of additional market players.
End of Summary


Table of Contents

Global PoE Network Switches Market Research Report 2021
1 PoE Network Switches Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of PoE Network Switches
1.2 PoE Network Switches Segment by Type (Product Category)
1.2.1 Global PoE Network Switches Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (Product Category)(2016 - 2027)
1.2.2 Global PoE Network Switches Production Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
1.2.3 Ports Switches
1.2.4 Fixed Configuration Switches
1.2.5 Chassis Switches
1.3 Global PoE Network Switches Segment by Application
1.3.1 PoE Network Switches Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2016 - 2027)
1.3.2 Enterprise - class Switches
1.3.3 Campus Network Switches
1.3.4 Department Switch
1.3.5 Workgroup Switches
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Global PoE Network Switches Market by Region (2016 - 2027)
1.4.1 Global PoE Network Switches Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2016 - 2027)
1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.4.4 China Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.4.7 India Status and Prospect (2016 - 2027)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of PoE Network Switches (2016 - 2027)
1.5.1 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Status and Outlook (2016 - 2027)
1.5.2 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production Status and Outlook (2016 - 2027)

2 Global PoE Network Switches Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
2.1.1 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity and Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
2.1.2 Global PoE Network Switches Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
2.2 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
2.3 Global PoE Network Switches Average Price by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
2.4 Manufacturers PoE Network Switches Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 PoE Network Switches Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 PoE Network Switches Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 PoE Network Switches Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2016 - 2021)
3.1 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity and Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
3.2 Global PoE Network Switches Production and Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
3.3 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
3.4 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.5 North America PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.6 Europe PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.7 China PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.8 Japan PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.9 Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
3.10 India PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)

4 Global PoE Network Switches Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2016 - 2021)
4.1 Global PoE Network Switches Consumption by Region (2016 - 2021)
4.2 North America PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)
4.3 Europe PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)
4.4 China PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)
4.5 Japan PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)
4.6 Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)
4.7 India PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2016 - 2021)

5 Global PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global PoE Network Switches Production and Market Share by Type (2016 - 2021)
5.2 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016 - 2021)
5.3 Global PoE Network Switches Price by Type (2016 - 2021)
5.4 Global PoE Network Switches Production Growth by Type (2016 - 2021)

6 Global PoE Network Switches Market Analysis by Application
6.1 Global PoE Network Switches Consumption and Market Share by Application (2016 - 2021)
6.2 Global PoE Network Switches Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016 - 2021)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
6.3.1 Potential Applications
6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 Global PoE Network Switches Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis
7.1 Moxa
7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.1.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.1.2.1 Product A
7.1.2.2 Product B
7.1.3 Moxa PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Alaxala
7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.2.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.2.2.1 Product A
7.2.2.2 Product B
7.2.3 Alaxala PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Alcatel - Lucent
7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.3.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.3.2.1 Product A
7.3.2.2 Product B
7.3.3 Alcatel - Lucent PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Arista
7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.4.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.4.2.1 Product A
7.4.2.2 Product B
7.4.3 Arista PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Avaya
7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.5.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.5.2.1 Product A
7.5.2.2 Product B
7.5.3 Avaya PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 - 2021)
7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Brocade
7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.6.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.6.2.1 Product A
7.6.2.2 Product B
7.6.3 Brocade PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Cisco
7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.7.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.7.2.1 Product A
7.7.2.2 Product B
7.7.3 Cisco PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 D - Link
7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.8.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.8.2.1 Product A
7.8.2.2 Product B
7.8.3 D - Link PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Dell
7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.9.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.9.2.1 Product A
7.9.2.2 Product B
7.9.3 Dell PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Extreme
7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.10.2 PoE Network Switches Product Category, Application and Specification
7.10.2.1 Product A
7.10.2.2 Product B
7.10.3 Extreme PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 HP
7.12 Huawei
7.13 IBM
7.14 Juniper
7.15 Netgear
7.16 Ruby Tech
7.17 TP - Link
7.18 ZTE

8 PoE Network Switches Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 PoE Network Switches Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.2.1 Raw Materials
8.2.2 Labor Cost
8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of PoE Network Switches

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
9.1 PoE Network Switches Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of PoE Network Switches Major Manufacturers in 2017
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis
11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 Global PoE Network Switches Market Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.1 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.1.1 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.1.2 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.1.3 Global PoE Network Switches Price and Trend Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2 Global PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption , Import and Export Forecast by Region (2021 - 2027)
12.2.1 North America PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2.2 Europe PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2.3 China PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2.4 Japan PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2.5 Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.2.6 India PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2021 - 2027)
12.3 Global PoE Network Switches Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021 - 2027)
12.4 Global PoE Network Switches Consumption Forecast by Application (2021 - 2027)

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.2 Data Source
14.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.2.2 Primary Sources
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures

Figure Picture of PoE Network Switches
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Production () and CAGR (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2016 - 2027)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Production Market Share by Types (Product Category) in 2017
Figure Product Picture of Ports Switches
Table Major Manufacturers of Ports Switches
Figure Product Picture of Fixed Configuration Switches
Table Major Manufacturers of Fixed Configuration Switches
Figure Product Picture of Chassis Switches
Table Major Manufacturers of Chassis Switches
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Consumption (K Units) by Applications (2016 - 2027)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2017
Figure Enterprise - class Switches Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Enterprise - class Switches
Figure Campus Network Switches Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Campus Network Switches
Figure Department Switch Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Department Switch
Figure Workgroup Switches Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Workgroup Switches
Figure Others Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Others
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Market Size (Million USD), Comparison (K Units) and CAGR (%) by Regions (2016 - 2027)
Figure North America PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure Europe PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure China PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure Japan PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure India PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2027)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) Status and Outlook (2016 - 2027)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units) Status and Outlook (2016 - 2027)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Major Players Product Capacity (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in 2017
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Major Players Product Production (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Production (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Production Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 PoE Network Switches Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2017 PoE Network Switches Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Table 2017 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2021 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market PoE Network Switches Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global Market PoE Network Switches Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2017
Table Manufacturers PoE Network Switches Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers PoE Network Switches Product Category
Figure PoE Network Switches Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure PoE Network Switches Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global PoE Network Switches Capacity (K Units) by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 Global PoE Network Switches Capacity Market Share by Region
Table Global PoE Network Switches Production by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Production (K Units) by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Production Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 Global PoE Network Switches Production Market Share by Region
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) by Region (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Table 2017 Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Market Share by Region
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units) and Growth Rate (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table North America PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table Europe PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table China PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table Japan PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table India PoE Network Switches Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Consumption (K Units) Market by Region (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Consumption Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Consumption Market Share by Region (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 Global PoE Network Switches Consumption (K Units) Market Share by Region
Table North America PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Europe PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table China PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Japan PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Southeast Asia PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table India PoE Network Switches Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Production (K Units) by Type (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Production Share by Type (2016 - 2021)
Figure Production Market Share of PoE Network Switches by Type (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 Production Market Share of PoE Network Switches by Type
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2016 - 2021)
Table Global PoE Network Switches Revenue Share by Type (2016 - 2021)
Figure Production Revenue Share of PoE Network Switches by Type (2016 - 2021)
Figure 2017 Revenue Market Share of PoE Network Switches by Type
Table Global PoE Network Switches Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2016 - 2021)
Figure Global PoE Network Switches Production Growth by Type

Immediate acquisition
Your strategic edge begins with Stats and Research
Single User License
$2800
It allows one person, the buyer, to have sole right and access to the purchased report. Further distribution of product is strictly prohibited.
Multi User License
$3800
It allows the purchased product to be shared among 1-5 employees of your organization within same geographical location.
Enterprise User License
$4800
It allows the purchased product to be shared among all employees of your organisation irrespective of their geographical location.

Global Conveyor System Market

Global Conveyor System Market

Global Polycarbonate Sheet Market

Global Polycarbonate Sheet Market

Global Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Bopet Films Market

Global Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Bopet Films Market

Global 3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace & Defence Market

Global 3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing in the Aerospace & Defence Market

Global Women's Suits Market

Global Women's Suits Market

Global Industrial Clutches And Brakes Market

Global Industrial Clutches And Brakes Market

Global Position Velocity Feedback Transmitter Systems Market

Global Position Velocity Feedback Transmitter Systems Market

Israel Additive Manufacturing Market Research

Israel Additive Manufacturing Market Research

Global Lab Grown Diamond Market

Global Lab Grown Diamond Market

Global blanket Market

Global blanket Market

Stats And Research ™ Copyright © 2025 .